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Bill Text Stats

30
Analyzed sections
$6.3B
Detected dollar total
3
Tax signals
22
Deadlines

Signal counts

Tax density 10.0%
Spending density 33.3%
Courts 27
Deadline 22
Statutory Reference 19
Enforcement 13
Agency 10
Spending 10
Benefits 6
Privacy 6
Amendments 5
Studies 5
Tax 3

Top agencies

Secretary of Defense 2
Secretary of State 2
Secretary of Commerce 1
Secretary of Education shall transmit to each individual 1
Secretary of Energy 1
Secretary of Homeland Security 1
Secretary of the Treasury and the Securities and Exchange 1
Secretary of the Treasury and the Securities and Exchange Commission 1

Statutory references

20 U.S.C. 1001 3
20 U.S.C. 1011f 3
10 U.S.C. 113 1
10 U.S.C. 4001 1
20 U.S.C. 1011 1
20 U.S.C. 1094 1
20 U.S.C. 2302 1
22 U.S.C. 288 1

House Votes

Roll call 83 · Session 1 · Mar 27, 2025
On Passage
Passed
241
Yea
169
Nay
0
Present
20
NV

Timeline

Mar 31, 2025

Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.

Mar 27, 2025

Considered as unfinished business. (consideration: CR H1312-1316)

Mar 27, 2025

The House resolved into Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union for further consideration.

Mar 27, 2025

The House rose from the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union to report H.R. 1048.

Mar 27, 2025

The previous question was ordered pursuant to the rule.

Mar 27, 2025

The House adopted the amendments en gros as agreed to by the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union.

Mar 27, 2025

Passed/agreed to in House: On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 241 - 169 (Roll no. 83).

Mar 27, 2025

On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 241 - 169 (Roll no. 83).

Mar 27, 2025

Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.

Mar 25, 2025

Rule H. Res. 242 passed House.

Mar 25, 2025

Considered under the provisions of rule H. Res. 242. (consideration: CR H1241-1260)

Mar 25, 2025

Rule provides for consideration of H.J. Res. 24, H.J. Res. 75 and H.R. 1048. The resolution provides for consideration of H.J. Res. 24 and H.J. Res. 75 under a closed rule, and provides for consideration of H.R. 1048 under a structured rule. Also, the resolution provides for one hour of general debate and one motion to recommit on each measure.

Mar 25, 2025

House resolved itself into the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union pursuant to H. Res. 242 and Rule XVIII.

Mar 25, 2025

The Speaker designated the Honorable Pat Harrigan to act as Chairman of the Committee.

Mar 25, 2025

GENERAL DEBATE - The Committee of the Whole proceeded with one hour of general debate on H.R. 1048.

Mar 25, 2025

DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 242, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Ogles amendment No. 1.

Mar 25, 2025

DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 242, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Ogles amendment No. 2.

Mar 25, 2025

DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 242, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Scott (VA) amendment No. 3.

Mar 25, 2025

POSTPONED PROCEEDINGS - At the conclusion of debate on the Scott (VA) amendment No. 3, the Chair put the question on agreeing to the amendment and by voice vote, announced that the noes had prevailed. Mr. Scott (VA) demanded a recorded vote and the Chair postponed further proceedings until a time to be announced.

Mar 25, 2025

DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 242, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Self amendment No. 4.

Mar 25, 2025

POSTPONED PROCEEDINGS - At the conclusion of debate on the Self amendment No. 4, the Chair put the question on agreeing to the amendment and by voice vote, announced that the ayes had prevailed. Mr. Scott (VA) demanded a recorded vote and the Chair postponed further proceedings until a time to be announced.

Mar 25, 2025

DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 242, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Tlaib amendment No. 5.

Mar 25, 2025

POSTPONED PROCEEDINGS - At the conclusion of debate on the Tlaib amendment No. 5, the Chair put the question on agreeing to the amendment and by voice vote, announced that the noes had prevailed. Ms. Tlaib demanded a recorded vote and the Chair postponed further proceedings until a time to be announced.

Mar 25, 2025

DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 242, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Tlaib amendment No. 6.

Mar 25, 2025

POSTPONED PROCEEDINGS - At the conclusion of debate on the Tlaib amendment No. 6, the Chair put the question on agreeing to the amendment and by voice vote, announced that the noes had prevailed. Ms. Tlaib demanded a recorded vote and the Chair postponed further proceedings until a time to be announced.

Mar 25, 2025

Mr. Walberg moved that the committee rise.

Mar 25, 2025

On motion that the committee rise Agreed to by voice vote.

Mar 25, 2025

Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union rises leaving H.R. 1048 as unfinished business.

Mar 24, 2025

Rules Committee Resolution H. Res. 242 Reported to House. Rule provides for consideration of H.J. Res. 24, H.J. Res. 75 and H.R. 1048. The resolution provides for consideration of H.J. Res. 24 and H.J. Res. 75 under a closed rule, and provides for consideration of H.R. 1048 under a structured rule. Also, the resolution provides for one hour of general debate and one motion to recommit on each measure.

Mar 14, 2025

Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Education and Workforce. H. Rept. 119-16.

Mar 14, 2025

Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Education and Workforce. H. Rept. 119-16.

Mar 14, 2025

Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 9.

Feb 12, 2025

Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held

Feb 12, 2025

Ordered to be Reported in the Nature of a Substitute (Amended) by the Yeas and Nays: 20 - 14.

Feb 6, 2025

Introduced in House

Feb 6, 2025

Introduced in House

Feb 6, 2025

Referred to the House Committee on Education and Workforce.

Affected Sectors

How to read this

Sectors are deterministic matches from official Congress.gov data and cached bill text. They are source-derived signals, not conclusions about intent or economic effect.

Evidence matches count official fields, normalized subjects, cached text snippets, or extracted entities that matched the sector rules.

Impact is a bill-level rollup used for sorting and filtering. It is not an economic impact estimate.

Confidence is the strongest individual match score behind that sector.

Evidence snippets show why a sector matched and can repeat when Congress.gov repeats the same phrase across official fields.

Education
299 evidence matches
Impact 100% Confidence 92%

Education

Education

Higher education

Defense
80 evidence matches
Impact 100% Confidence 84%

Secretary of Defense secretary of defense

Secretary of Defense secretary of defense

Secretary of Defense secretary of defense

Finance and banking
65 evidence matches
Impact 100% Confidence 85%

Financial services and investments

Secretary of the Treasury and the Securities and Exchange secretary of the treasury and the securities and exchange

Secretary of the Treasury and the Securities and Exchange secretary of the treasury and the securities and exchange

Technology and data privacy
27 evidence matches
Impact 100% Confidence 81%

privacy did not include such information. (2) Application of Federal privacy law; protections for natural persons /header

privacy of Federal privacy law; protections for natural persons (A) Application of Federal privacy law text display-inline="yes-displa

privacy privacy law Except as provided in subparagraph (B), a disclosure report filed pursuant to this section is not subject to Federal privacy law (including any exemption from disclosure

Healthcare
24 evidence matches
Impact 100% Confidence 78%

of Defense, the Attorney General, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Homeland Security, the Secretary of Energy, the Director of the National Science Foundation, and the Director of the National Institutes of Health. /subse

he Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Homeland Security, the Secretary of Energy, the Director of the National Science Foundation, and the Director of the National Institutes of Health. subsection id="H4E4CF141B8F74

the Secretary of Homeland Security, the Secretary of Energy, the Director of the National Science Foundation, and the Director of the National Institutes of Health. enu

Energy
16 evidence matches
Impact 100% Confidence 84%

Secretary of Energy secretary of energy

Secretary of Energy secretary of energy

Secretary of Energy secretary of energy

State and local government
20 evidence matches
Impact 97% Confidence 73%

e request of the Secretary, in an appropriate district court of the United States, or the appropriate United States court of any territory or other place subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, to request such court to compel comp

of the Secretary, in an appropriate district court of the United States, or the appropriate United States court of any territory or other place subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, to request such court to compel compliance wi

Attorney General, at the request of the Secretary, in an appropriate district court of the United States, or the appropriate United States court of any territory or other place subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, to request s

Labor and employment
1 evidence matches
Impact 83% Confidence 78%

actment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to Congress, and make public, a report containing the results of the study described in paragraph (1). Union Calendar No. 9 119th CONGRESS 1st Session H. R. 1048

CBO Cost Estimates

Official Congressional Budget Office cost estimate links associated with this bill through Congress.gov records.

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CBO estimates are official source documents with their own assumptions, scope, and publication dates. They can score a bill, a version of a bill, or a broader legislative package.

LawLinter stores the source link from Congress.gov and does not replace the CBO document. Use these cards as pointers for source review, not as independent fiscal advice.

CBO context shows source-attributed Congressional Budget Office cost estimates linked from official Congress.gov bill records. It is research context only; read the official CBO source document for assumptions, scope, and dates.

Existing agency spending context

Official USAspending.gov award records for agencies connected through bill-text agency signals. This helps show the existing agency spending landscape around the bill, not spending caused by the bill.

How to read this

USAspending records describe federal awards, grants, contracts, loans, direct payments, recipients, agencies, and dates reported through the official public spending system.

LawLinter links this context through agency names detected in bill text. That bridge is a research shortcut and should not be read as a legal or budget conclusion.

USAspending context shows official public award records for agencies connected through LawLinter bill-text agency signals. It is historical spending and award context only, not proof that this bill caused, authorized, required, or changed any award, grant, contract, payment, or program spending.

Agency sample by amount

Where the local sample is concentrated

$447.7B
Department of Defense $226.6B
290 sampled awards
Department of Energy $155.9B
304 sampled awards
Department of Education $37.7B
227 sampled awards
Department of Homeland Security $15.9B
259 sampled awards
Department of State $6.5B
121 sampled awards
Department of Commerce $5.0B
65 sampled awards

Amounts reflect the local USAspending sample linked through agency text signals, not bill-caused spending.

Largest sampled awards

Award records in this context

NATIONAL TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS OF SANDIA, LLC $42.4B
contracts · Department of Energy
LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL SECURITY, LLC $41.1B
contracts · Department of Energy
LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION $34.2B
contracts · Department of Defense
LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL SECURITY LLC $27.4B
contracts · Department of Energy
THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA $19.7B
contracts · Department of Energy
HEALTH NET FEDERAL SERVICES, LLC $19.4B
contracts · Department of Defense

These bars summarize the visible sampled awards below so large awards are easier to scan.

Agency spending context

Department of Defense

Matched bill text signal: Secretary of Defense
Sampled awards290
Award amount in local sample$226,591,493,166
Open official USAspending agency page
Agency spending context

Department of Energy

Matched bill text signal: Secretary of Energy
Sampled awards304
Award amount in local sample$155,942,423,101
Open official USAspending agency page
Agency spending context

Department of Education

Matched bill text signal: Secretary of Education shall transmit to each individual
Sampled awards227
Award amount in local sample$37,746,730,819
Open official USAspending agency page
Agency spending context

Department of Homeland Security

Matched bill text signal: Secretary of Homeland Security
Sampled awards259
Award amount in local sample$15,871,587,005
Open official USAspending agency page
Agency spending context

Department of Commerce

Matched bill text signal: Secretary of Commerce
Sampled awards65
Award amount in local sample$5,009,033,126
Open official USAspending agency page
contracts · DEAC5207NA27344
Award amount
$41,068,913,544

TAS::89 0240::TAS THIS PERFORMANCE-BASED MANAGEMENT CONTRACT (PBMC) IS FOR THE MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION OF THE LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY (LLNL). THE CONTRACTOR SHALL, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS CONTRACT, ACCOMPLISH THE MISSIONS AND PROGRAMS ASSIGNED BY THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (DOE) AND MANAGE AND OPERATE THE LABORATORY. THE LABORATORY IS ONE OF DOES OFFICE OF DEFENSE PROGRAM MULTI-PROGRAM LABORATORIES. THE LABORATORY IS A FEDERALLY FUNDED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTION (ESTABLISHED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION (FAR) PART 35 AND OPERATED UNDER THIS MANAGEMENT AND OPERATING (M&O) CONTRACT, AS DEFINED IN FAR 17.6 AND DEAR 917.6.

contracts · N0001902C3002

LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION

Department of Defense
Award amount
$34,173,959,112

200204!008532!1700!AF600!NAVAL AIR SYSTEMS COMMAND!N0001902C3002!A!N!!N!!20011026!20120430!008016958!008016958!834951691!N!LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION!LOCKHEED BLVD!FORT WORTH!TX!76108!27000!439!48!FORT WORTH!TARRANT!TEXAS!+000026000000!N!N!018981928201!AC15!RDTE/AIRCRAFT-ENG/MANUF DEVELOP!A1A!AIRFRAMES AND SPARES!2AMA!JAST/JSF!336411!E!!3!!!!!!99990909!B!!!A!!A!N!R!2!002!N!1A!A!N!Z!!!N!C!N!!!!A!A!A!A!000!A!C!N!!!!Y!!N00019!0001!

contracts · DEAC5206NA25396
Award amount
$27,422,768,631

THE CONTRACTOR SHALL, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS CONTRACT, PROVIDE THE PERSONNEL, EQUIPMENT, MATERIALS, SUPPLIES, AND SERVICES (EXCEPT AS MAY BE FURNISHED BY THE GOVERNMENT) AND OTHERWISE DO ALL THING NECESSARY FOR, OR INCIDENT TO PROVIDING ITS BEST EFFORTS TO EFFECTIVELY, EFFICIENTLY AND SAFELY MANAGE AND OPERATE THE LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY FOR THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY/NATIONAL NUCLEAR SECURITY ADMINISTRATION.

contracts · DEAC0205CH11231
Award amount
$19,714,118,737

THIS PERFORMANCE-BASED MANAGEMENT CONTRACT (PBMC) IS FOR THE MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION OF THE ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY (LBNL). THE CONTRACTOR SHALL, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS CONTRACT, ACCOMPLISH THE MISSIONS AND PROGRAMS ASSIGNED BY THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (DOE) AND MANAGE AND OPERATE THE LABORATORY. THE LABORATORY IS ONE OF THE DOE?S OFFICE OF SCIENCE (SC) MULTI-PROGRAM LABORATORIES. THE LABORATORY IS A FEDERALLY FUNDED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER (FFRDC) ESTABLISHED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION (FAR) PART 35 AND OPERATED UNDER THIS MANAGEMENT AND OPERATING (M&O) CONTRACT, AS DEFINED IN FAR 17.6 AND DEAR 917.6.

contracts · HT940210C0002
Award amount
$19,414,789,943

PROVIDE MANAGED CARE SUPPORT TO THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE TRICARE PROGRAM. CONTRACTOR SHALL ASSIST MILITARY HEALTH SYSTEM IN OPERATING AN INTEGRATED HEALTHCARE DELIVERY SYSTEM COMBINING RESOURCES OF THE MILITARY'S DIRECT MEDICAL CARE SYSTEM AND THE CONTRACTORS MANAGED CARE SUPPORT TO PROVIDE HEALTH, MEDICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT SERVICES TO ELIGIBLE BENEFICIARIES IN THE NORTH REGION.

Campaign Finance Context

Related FEC/OpenFEC campaign-finance records for lawmakers and candidates tied to this bill through source-attributed legislative relationships. These are not donations to the bill itself.

How to read this

Amounts shown here are campaign-finance totals for sponsor or cosponsor-linked candidates and their committees in the displayed FEC cycle.

They are not donations to this bill, spending on this bill, or proof that money influenced or caused sponsorship, cosponsorship, votes, or legislative outcomes.

If multiple linked lawmakers have FEC records, this section can show multiple candidate cards and separate sponsor/cosponsor rollups.

Campaign-finance context uses source-attributed FEC/OpenFEC records that are related or relevant to the displayed bill, lawmaker, candidate, committee, or legislative relationship through deterministic links. It is research context only, not proof of influence, causation, endorsement, or that money caused a sponsorship, vote, or legislative outcome.

No FEC/OpenFEC campaign-finance context is currently linked for this bill.

Lobbying Context

Related LDA.gov filings where public lobbying activity descriptions reference this bill. These records are source-attributed research context, not evidence of influence or causation.

How to read this

LDA filings are public lobbying disclosure records. LawLinter links them here only when the filing activity text contains an exact-looking reference to this bill.

A filing can mention many issues, clients, agencies, or bills. A match should be treated as a pointer for review, not as a conclusion about why legislation changed or how any lawmaker acted.

Lobbying context uses source-attributed LDA.gov records that appear related to this bill through bill references in public lobbying activity descriptions. It is research context only, not proof of influence, causation, endorsement, lobbying effectiveness, or legislative intent.

No LDA.gov lobbying disclosure context is currently linked for this bill.

Summary

00 Introduced in House Mar 19, 2025

Defending Education Transparency and Ending Rogue Regimes Engaging in Nefarious Transactions Act or the DETERRENT Act This bill expands oversight and disclosure requirements related to foreign sources and institutions of higher education (IHEs). Specifically, the bill requires an IHE to annually disclose to the Department of Education (ED) any year in which the IHE receives a gift from a foreign country of concern (e.g., China or Russia) or foreign entity of concern of any dollar amount; receives a gift or contract from a foreign source (other than a foreign country of concern or foreign entity of concern) that is valued at $50,000 or more, considered alone or in combination with all other gifts or contracts within a calendar year (current disclosure threshold is $250,000 or more), or which has an undetermined monetary value; enters into a contract with a foreign country of concern or foreign entity of concern after receiving a waiver for such contract; or is substantially controlled by a foreign source. Additionally, the bill prohibits IHEs from entering into contracts with a foreign country of concern or with a foreign entity of concern without obtaining a waiver, requires certain IHEs to disclose gifts or contracts between covered individuals (e.g., researchers) and foreign sources, and requires private IHEs with specified assets or investments to file annual investment disclosure reports. The bill requires ED to investigate possible violations of this bill and outlines the various penalties for each violation. Penalties may include losing eligibility for federal student financial aid.

Sponsors

Allen, Rick W.
Cosponsor

Allen, Rick W.

Republican · GA-12 · A000372

Joined Feb 6, 2025
Website
N/A
Office
462 Cannon House Office Building
Foxx, Virginia
Cosponsor

Foxx, Virginia

Republican · NC-5 · F000450

Joined Feb 6, 2025
Website
N/A
Office
2462 Rayburn House Office Building
Grothman, Glenn
Cosponsor

Grothman, Glenn

Republican · WI-6 · G000576

Joined Feb 6, 2025
Website
N/A
Office
1211 Longworth House Office Building
Owens, Burgess
Cosponsor

Owens, Burgess

Republican · UT-4 · O000086

Joined Feb 6, 2025
Website
N/A
Office
309 Cannon House Office Building
Walberg, Tim
Cosponsor

Walberg, Tim

Republican · MI-5 · W000798

Joined Feb 6, 2025
Website
N/A
Office
2266 Rayburn House Office Building
Wilson, Joe
Cosponsor

Wilson, Joe

Republican · SC-2 · W000795

Joined Feb 6, 2025
Website
N/A
Office
1436 Longworth House Office Building
Houchin, Erin
Cosponsor

Houchin, Erin

Republican · IN-9 · H001093

Joined Feb 12, 2025
Website
N/A
Office
342 Cannon House Office Building
Finstad, Brad
Cosponsor

Finstad, Brad

Republican · MN-1 · F000475

Joined Mar 5, 2025
Website
N/A
Office
2418 Rayburn House Office Building
James, John
Cosponsor

James, John

Republican · MI-10 · J000307

Joined Mar 10, 2025
Website
N/A
Office
1519 Longworth House Office Building

Amendments

6 amendments
119/hamdt/10 Mar 25, 2025

An amendment numbered 1 printed in House Report 119-38 to include any special administrative region or other territory within one of the covered nations referenced in the bill within the bill's definition of "foreign country of concern.".

On agreeing to the Ogles amendment (A001) Agreed to by voice vote.

119/hamdt/11 Mar 25, 2025

An amendment numbered 2 printed in House Report 119-38 to amend the definition of 'foreign entity of concern' to include Chinese military companies identified on the list required by section 1260H of the FY 2021 NDAA (colloquially referred to as the "Section 1260H list").

On agreeing to the Ogles amendment (A002) Agreed to by voice vote.

119/hamdt/12 Mar 27, 2025

Amendment sought to amend section 117 to streamline foreign gift and contract reporting, align reporting with other federal research security compliance requirements, establish sanctions for noncompliance and require the Secretary of Education to conduct negotiated rulemaking to receive stakeholder feedback.

An amendment numbered 3 printed in House Report 119-38 to amend Section 117 to streamline foreign gift and contract reporting, aligns reporting with other federal research security compliance requirements, establishes sanctions for noncompliance and requires the Secretary of Education to conduct negotiated rulemaking to receive stakeholder feedback.

On agreeing to the Scott (VA) amendment (A003) Failed by recorded vote: 199 - 214 (Roll no. 79).

119/hamdt/13 Mar 27, 2025

Amendment sought to amend the threshold value at which gifts must be reported from $50,000 to $1.

An amendment numbered 4 printed in House Report 119-38 to amend the threshold value at which gifts must be reported from $50,000 to $1.

On agreeing to the Self amendment (A004) Failed by recorded vote: 92 - 321 (Roll no. 80).

119/hamdt/14 Mar 27, 2025

Amendment sought to amend the definition of "Foreign Country Of Concern".

An amendment numbered 5 printed in House Report 119-38 to amend the definition of "Foreign Country Of Concern" to include any country that is defending a case before the International Court of Justice relating to an alleged violation of the Geneva Conventions of 1949 or their Additional Protocols or the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; and to include any country the government of which includes officials that have outstanding arrest warrants issued by the International Criminal Court.

On agreeing to the Tlaib amendment (A005) Failed by recorded vote: 3 - 410 (Roll no. 81).

119/hamdt/15 Mar 27, 2025

Amendment sought to amend the definition of "Investment of Concern" to include any entity that the Secretary of State determines consistently, knowingly, and directly facilitates and enables state violence and repression, war and occupation, or severe violations of international law and human rights.

An amendment numbered 6 printed in House Report 119-38 to amend the definition of "Investment of Concern" to include any entity that the Secretary of State determines consistently, knowingly, and directly facilitates and enables state violence and repression, war and occupation, or severe violations of international law and human rights.

On agreeing to the Tlaib amendment (A006) Failed by recorded vote: 4 - 404, 1 Present (Roll no. 82).

Compiled bill record. Bill pages combine Congress.gov source payloads, normalized relationships, cached text analysis, vote links, and deterministic sector/signal extraction. This is not an official government record or legal advice; use the official source link when accuracy matters.