FREEDOM Support Act

Freedom for Russia and Emerging Eurasian Democracies and Open Markets Support Act of 1992 or FREEDOM Support Act - Title I: General Provisions - Directs the President to designate a coordinator within the Department of State to be responsible for coordinating assistance to the independent states of the former Soviet Union (excluding Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania). Requires the coordinator to report to the Congress on the overall assistance and economic cooperation strategy for the independent states. Title II: Bilateral Economic Assistance Activities - Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to authorize the President to provide assistance to the independent states for the following activities: (1) meeting urgent humanitarian needs; (2) establishing a democratic and free society; (3) creating private enterprise and free market systems based on the principle of private ownership of property; (4) promoting trade and investment; (5) promoting market-based mechanisms for food distribution and encouraging policies that provide support for the agricultural sector; (6) promoting programs to strengthen quality health care and voluntary family planning, housing, and other components of a social safety net; (7) promoting educational reform; (8) promoting energy efficiency and production; (9) implementing civilian nuclear reactor safety programs; (10) enhancing the human and natural environment and conserving environmental resources; (11) improving transportation and telecommunications infrastructure and management; (12) promoting drug education, interdiction, and eradication programs; and (13) protecting and caring for refugees, displaced persons, and migrants. Requires the President, in providing such assistance, to take into account the extent to which the state is: (1) making progress toward, and is committed to, the implementation of a democratic system and economic reform based on market principles; (2) respecting human rights; (3) respecting international law and obligations and adhering to the Helsinki Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe and the Charter of Paris; (4) cooperating in seeking peaceful resolution of ethnic and regional conflicts; (5) implementing responsible security policies; (6) taking actions to protect the international environment; (7) denying support for terrorism; (8) accepting responsibility for paying a portion of debt to U.S. firms incurred by the former Soviet Union; (9) cooperating in uncovering evidence regarding American prisoners of war or missing in action who were detained in the former Soviet Union during the Cold War; and (10) terminating support for Cuba. Prohibits assistance to the government of any state which: (1) engages in a consistent pattern of human rights violations; (2) has failed to facilitate the implementation of arms control obligations derived from agreements signed by the former Soviet Union; (3) has knowingly transferred to another country missiles or missile technology inconsistent with the Missile Technology Control Regime or materials, equipment, or technology that would contribute to such country's ability to manufacture weapons of mass destruction; or (4) is prohibited from receiving assistance under specified provisions of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and the Chemical and Biological Weapons Control and Warfare Elimination Act of 1991. Bars assistance to Russia if it has failed to make progress on the removal of troops from Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania or has failed to undertake good faith efforts to end other military practices that violate the sovereignty of the Baltic States. Waives such prohibitions, other than the prohibition on assistance to states barred from receiving assistance under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and the Chemical and Biological Weapons Control and Warfare Elimination Act of 1991, if such assistance: (1) is in the national interest; (2) will foster respect for human rights and democracy; or (3) is furnished for the alleviation of suffering. Authorizes the use of economic support fund assistance and the use of funds and authorities under the Support for East European Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989 for assistance under this title. Permits funds under this title to be used for procurement in the United States, the independent states, or a developing country or in any other country, subject to conditions of availability, emergency, or the promotion of efficiency in the use of such assistance. Authorizes appropriations. Prohibits any governmental entity of an independent state from being eligible to receive assistance (except for humanitarian assistance) under this title if: (1) there is outstanding a final judgment by a court of competent jurisdiction within the state that such entity is withholding books or other documents of religious or historical significance that are the property of U.S. persons; and (2) the Secretary of State determines that execution of the court's judgment is blocked as the result of extrajudicial causes. Waives such prohibition of the court's judgment has been executed or it is important to national interests. Title III: Business and Commercial Development - Encourages the President to establish American Business Centers in the independent states where the President determines that such Centers can be cost-effective in promoting the objectives of title II and U.S. economic interests and in establishing commercial partnerships between the United States and the independent states. Requires the Agency for International Development (AID) to conclude a reimbursement agreement with the Secretary of Commerce for the Department of Commerce's services in operating the Centers. Earmarks an amount from funding made available under title II for the Centers. Authorizes the President to establish the Independent States Business and Agriculture Advisory Council to: (1) advise the President regarding assistance programs for the independent states; and (2) evaluate the adequacy of bilateral and multilateral assistance programs that would facilitate exports and investments by U.S. companies in the independent states. Encourages the President to use a portion of funds made available under title II to fund export promotion and related activities and capital projects. Declares that the Secretary of Commerce should implement programs to provide commercial and technical assistance to U.S. businesses seeking markets in the independent states. States that the Trade Promotion Coordinating Committee should utilize its interagency working group on energy to assist U.S. energy sector companies to develop a long-term strategy for penetrating the energy market in the independent states. Requires the Secretary of the Commerce to report annually to the Congress on: (1) implementation of this title; (2) programs of other industrialized nations to assist their companies with efforts to transact business in the independent states; and (3) trading practices of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development nations and pricing practices of the independent states that may be disadvantageous to U.S. companies. Declares that the President should give priority attention to combatting tied aid practices if the Secretary of the Treasury determines that foreign countries are engaged in such practices with respect to any of the independent states. Authorizes the President to provide technical assistance, through an American university in a region which received nonstop] air service to and from the Russian Far East as of July 1, 1992, to facilitate the development of U.S. business opportunities, free markets, and democratic institutions in the Russian Far East. Authorizes appropriations. Makes funds under title II available for Overseas Private Investment Corporation programs in the independent states. Title IV: The Democracy Corps - Authorizes the President to provide for the establishment of a Democracy Corps, a private, nonprofit corporation, to maintain a presence in the independent states. Authorizes the AID Administrator to make an annual grant to the Democracy Corps. Requires the grant to enable the Corps to assist at the local level in the development of: (1) institutions of democratic governance; and (2) nongovernmental organizations of a civil society. Directs the Corps to carry out its activities through the placement of teams of U.S. citizens with appropriate expertise in the independent states to: (1) provide advice and technical assistance; (2) make small grants to assist in the development of such institutions and organizations; (3) identify other sources of assistance; and (4) operate local centers to serve as information and educational centers and to encourage those involved in the development of democratic institutions, market-oriented economies, and civil societies. Prohibits the use of funds for the Corps or any grant from the Corps to finance the campaigns of candidates for public office. Earmarks an amount from funding made available under title II for the Corps. Title V: Nonproliferation and Disarmament Programs and Activities - Permits nonproliferation assistance to be obligated for an independent state only if the President has certified to the Congress that such independent state is committed to: (1) making a substantial investment of its resources for dismantling or destroying weapons of mass destruction if obligated to do so under an agreement; (2) forgoing any military modernization program that exceeds legitimate defense requirements and forgoing the replacement of destroyed weapons of mass destruction; (3) forgoing any use in new nuclear weapons of components of destroyed nuclear weapons; and (4) facilitating U.S. verification of weapons destruction carried out under this Act or the Soviet Nuclear Threat Reduction Act of 1991. Authorizes the President to promote nonproliferation and disarmament activities by: (1) supporting the dismantlement and destruction of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons, their delivery systems, and conventional weapons of the independent states; (2) supporting efforts to halt the proliferation of such weapons, systems, and related technologies; (3) establishing programs for safeguarding against the proliferation of such weapons; (4) establishing programs for preventing diversion of weapons-related scientific and technical expertise of the independent states to terrorist groups or third countries; (5) establishing science and technology centers in the independent states for purposes of engaging weapons scientists and engineers in productive, nonmilitary undertakings; and (6) establishing programs for facilitating the conversion of military technologies and capabilities and defense industries of the former Soviet Union into civilian activities. Makes funds available for such activities. Bars the obligation of such funds unless FY 1993 expenditures are counted against the defense category of the discretionary spending limits for purposes of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985. Authorizes the use of security assistance funds for such activities. Prohibits the obligation of funds for the conversion of military technologies and capabilities and defense industries of the former Soviet Union unless the President has previously obligated an amount equal to such sums in the same fiscal year for defense conversion and transition activities in the United States. Amends the Soviet Nuclear Threat Reduction Act of 1991 to increase the amount of funds that may be transferred from Department of Defense accounts for use in reducing the Soviet military threat. Makes such amendment inapplicable if the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1993 enacts a similar amendment. Authorizes the Secretary of Defense to provide assistance to support international nonproliferation activities. Bars the obligation of such funds unless the expenditures will be counted against the defense category of discretionary spending limits for FY 1993 pursuant to the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985. Prohibits the furnishing of assistance unless the Secretary certifies to the Congress that the assistance: (1) is in the national security interest; and (2) will not adversely affect the military preparedness of the United States. Limits the amount of such assistance and the amount to be provided for the On-Site Inspection Agency in support of the United Nations Special Commission on Iraq. Makes international nonproliferation authorities of this Act inapplicable if the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1993 enacts the same authorities. Directs the Secretary of State to report to the Congress on possible alternatives for the ultimate disposition of special nuclear materials of the former Soviet Union. Authorizes the Director of the National Science Foundation to establish an endowed, nongovernmental, nonprofit foundation to: (1) promote and support joint research and development projects for peaceful purposes between scientists and engineers in the United States and the independent states on subjects of mutual interest; and (2) seek to establish joint nondefense industrial research, development, and demonstration activities through private sector linkages which may involve participation by scientists and engineers in the university or academic sectors. Makes funds appropriated under the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1993 (to the extent available) available for the establishment of the endowment. Requires an independent state, as a condition of participation in the foundation, to make a minimum contribution to the endowment which shall reflect its ability to make a financial contribution and its expected level of participation in the foundation's programs. Authorizes local currencies generated by U.S. assistance programs to be made available to the foundation. Title VI: Space Trade and Cooperation - Requires any request for a license or other approval described under this title that is submitted to a U.S. Government agency by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), its contractors, or any other person to be considered on an expedited basis by that agency. Provides for notification of designated congressional committees if an agency denies a request. Applies this title to requests for licenses or approval necessary to conduct discussions with an independent state with respect to the possible acquisition of space hardware, space technology, or space service for integration into U.S. space projects that have been approved by the Congress or commercial space ventures. Encourages the Office of Space Commerce of the Department of Commerce to conduct trade missions to appropriate independent states to familiarize U.S. aerospace industry representatives with space hardware, technologies, and services that may be available from the independent states and with the business practices and business climate of such states. Directs the Office of Space Commerce to: (1) monitor the progress of discussions being carried out with the independent states for the acquisition of space hardware, technology, or service for integration into U.S. space projects; and (2) advise the NASA Administrator of the impact on U.S. industry of each potential acquisition of such hardware, technology, or services from the independent states, including any anticompetitive issues the Office may observe. Title VII: Agricultural Trade - Amends the Food Security Act of 1985 to waive the annual tonnage limitation with respect to commodities furnished from stocks of the Commodity Credit Corporation (Corporation) during FY 1993 to the independent states. Permits the Corporation to make commodities available on grant or credit terms to such states. Encourages the President to make funds available to assist private voluntary organizations and cooperatives in carrying out food assistance programs for the independent states. Expresses the sense of the Congress that the President should encourage the involvement of multinational organizations to monitor the transport and distribution of food aid within the independent states. Amends the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 to make the independent states eligible for an agricultural fellowship program. Authorizes fellowships to private agricultural producers under such program. Amends the Agricultural Development and Trade Act of 1990 to authorize direct credits with respect to the promotion of agricultural exports to emerging democracies. Permits export credit guarantees under such Act to be available for the establishment or improvement of facilities or the provision of services or U.S. goods in emerging democracies by U.S. persons if such guarantees will promote the export of U.S. agricultural commodities. Amends the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 to exempt the independent states from conditions on export financing of, and export credit guarantees with respect to, agricultural commodities by the Corporation that require the development of the importing country as a foreign market on a long-term basis or the improvement of the capability of the country to use such commodities on a long-term basis. Authorizes the Corporation to use such financing and guarantees to assist emerging democracies that have committed to carry out policies that promote economic freedom, private domestic production of food commodities for domestic consumption, and the expansion of domestic markets for the purchase and sale of such commodities. Prohibits the Corporation from making export sales financing available in connection with sales of an agricultural commodity to any country that cannot adequately service the debt associated with the sale. Directs the Corporation to ensure that at least 35 percent of the total amount of credit guarantees issued in connection with sales to the independent states under the export credit guarantee program (and 25 percent of the funds expended under the export enhancement program) in a fiscal year are issued (or expended) to promote the export of processed and high-value agricultural products, with the balance issued (or expended) to promote the export of bulk or raw agricultural commodities. Makes such percentage requirements inapplicable only if the percentage of the total amount of: (1) credit guarantees issued in a fiscal year to promote the export of such products to all countries is less than 25 percent; and (2) funds expended and the value of commodities made available in a fiscal year to promote such exports to all countries is less than 15 percent. Title VIII: United States Information Agency, Department of State, and Related Agencies and Activities - Amends the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993 to designate a specified law and business training program for students from the independent states and the Baltic States as the Edmund S. Muskie Fellowship Program. Repeals provisions of such Act relating to the Soviet embassy in Washington, D.C. Amends the Omnibus Diplomatic Security and Anti-Terrorism Act of 1986 to require at least 15 Fascell fellowships (for temporary service at U.S. missions abroad) to be provided during FY 1993. Considers the International Development Law Institute to be a public international organization for purposes of the International Organizations Immunities Act. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1993 for exchanges with the independent states. Permits the Director of the U.S. Information Agency (USIA) to use funds to provide technical assistance in local and regional self-government to the independent states. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1993 for the Fulbright Academic Exchange Programs and other programs administered by the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. Repeals a provision of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993 which provides for an Eastern Europe Student Exchange Endowment Fund. Authorizes the President to establish regional agribusiness offices at State universities and land grant colleges for purposes of expanding exchanges between agribusiness practitioners in the United States and the independent states. Bars the use of funds authorized to be appropriated by this Act for such program. Title IX: Other Provisions - Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to remove Czechoslovakia, Estonia, East Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Albania, Bulgaria, Poland, Yugoslavia, Romania, and the Soviet Union from the list of Communist countries to which assistance is prohibited. Makes a provision of the Federal criminal code that prescribes penalties for financial transactions with foreign governments in default on obligations to the United States inapplicable with respect to obligations of the former Soviet Union. Amends the SEED Act of 1989 to authorize the President to conduct SEED activities in any East European country similar to those being conducted in Hungary and Poland (with specified exceptions). Authorizes the President to furnish administration of justice assistance to East European countries under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. Includes Albania, Bulgaria, the Czech and Slovak Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, and states that were once part of Yugoslavia in the definition of "East European countries" for purposes of the SEED Act. Amends the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1990 to extend certain provisions granting refugee status or permanent residence to nationals of the independent states, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Prohibits U.S. assistance under this Act (other than title V) or any other Act to the Government of Azerbaijan until the President reports to the Congress that such government is taking steps to cease all blockades and uses of force against Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh. Title X: International Financial Institutions - Amends the Bretton Woods Agreements Act to authorize: (1) the U.S. Governor of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to consent to an increase in the U.S. quota of the IMF and to the amendments to the Articles of Agreement of the IMF approved in resolution 45-3 of the Board of Governors; and (2) the U.S. Executive Director of the IMF to approve a pledge to sell gold to restore the resources of the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility Trust. Directs the Secretary of the Treasury to instruct the U.S. Executive Director of the IMF to promote the following proposals: (1) considerations of poverty alleviation and reduction of barriers to economic and social progress in all IMF programs; (2) audits to review policy prescriptions in the areas of poverty and the environment; (3) economic reform programs that increase the productive participation of the poor in the economy; and (4) public access to information. Requires the Secretary to instruct the U.S. Executive Director of the IMF to urge the IMF to explore ways to increase the participation of representatives from the loan-recipient country in the development of IMF programs. Directs the U.S. Executive Director of the IMF to urge the IMF to: (1) develop an economic methodology to measure the level of military spending by each developing country; (2) provide the Executive Board of the IMF with annual reports estimating the level of such spending by such countries; and (3) include an analysis of the level of such spending in every Article IV consultation with a developing country. Supports U.S. participation in a currency stabilization fund for the independent states. Requires the Secretary to instruct the U.S. Executive Director of the IMF to urge the IMF to study the need for, and feasibility of, a currency stabilization fund for Ukraine and make recommendations with respect to the economic and policy conditions required for the success of such a fund. Amends the International Finance Corporation Act to authorize the U.S. Governor of the Corporation to: (1) vote for any increase in capital stock needed to accommodate the requirements of the independent states; and (2) agree to amendments to the Corporation's Articles of Agreement to increase the votes by which the capital stock may be increased and by which the Articles of Agreement may be amended. Requires the Secretary to report to the Congress on the debt incurred by the former Soviet Union held by commercial financial institutions outside the independent states that are obligated on such debt. Amends the International Financial Institutions Act to add the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the IMF to the list of institutions through which the United States shall advance human rights. Directs the Secretary to instruct the U.S. Executive Directors of international financial institutions, in assessing human rights, to consider, in relation to assistance to Russia and the other independent states, the responsiveness of such governments to providing a substantial accounting of Americans missing in action. Requires the U.S. Director of the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency to report to the Congress on: (1) the investments in the independent states of the former Soviet Union guaranteed by the Agency; and (2) the demand for investment guarantees of the type provided by the Agency for investments in the independent states.

Freedom for Russia and Emerging Eurasian Democracies and Open Markets Support Act of 1992 or FREEDOM Support Act - Title I: General Provisions - Sets forth U.S. policy with respect to assistance to the independent states of the former Soviet Union (excluding Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania). Expresses the sense of the Congress that such policy should make assistance to any of the independent states conditional on the termination of military and technical assistance, subsidies, and other forms of assistance to Cuba from such states. Permits the provision of assistance to governmental entities of the independent states only to the extent that such states are: (1) making significant progress toward and are committed to a democratic system; (2) respecting human rights; (3) making significant progress in and are committed to economic reform based on market principles, private ownership, and integration into the world economy; (4) respecting international law and obligations and adhering to the Helsinki Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe and the Charter of Paris; and (5) adhering to arms control obligations and to responsible security policies. Prohibits U.S. assistance and other benefits under this Act (other than title V) or other laws to the Government of Azerbaijan until the President reports to the Congress that such government is taking steps to cease all blockades and uses of force against Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh. Directs the President to designate a coordinator within the Department of State to be responsible for coordinating assistance to the independent states. Title II: Bilateral Economic Assistance - Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to authorize the President to provide assistance to the independent states to promote the following objectives: (1) meeting urgent humanitarian needs; (2) establishing a democratic and free society; (3) developing a free-market system; (4) promoting trade and investment; (5) converting military technologies and defense industries into civilian activities; (6) introducing market-based mechanisms for food distribution and encouraging policies that provide support for the agricultural sector; (7) promoting programs to strengthen quality health care and voluntary family planning, housing, and other components of a social safety net; (8) promoting educational reform; (9) promoting energy efficiency and production; (10) promoting environmental protection, conservation, and safety; and (11) improving transportation and telecommunications infrastructure and management. Authorizes the President to promote the involvement of the U.S. private sector in such activities. Authorizes the use of economic support fund assistance for assistance under this title. Requires assistance to maximize the use of U.S. goods and services. Authorizes appropriations. Establishes a Democracy Corps, a private, nonprofit corporation, to maintain a presence in the independent states. Directs the Administrator of the Agency for International Development to make an annual grant to the Democracy Corps. Requires the grant to be used by the Corps to assist at the local level in the development of: (1) institutions of democratic governance; and (2) nongovernmental organizations of a civil society. Directs the Corps to carry out its activities through the placement of teams of U.S. citizens with appropriate expertise in the independent states to: (1) provide advice and technical assistance; (2) make small grants to assist in the development of such institutions and organizations; (3) identify other sources of assistance; and (4) operate local centers to serve as information and educational centers and to encourage those involved in the development of democratic institutions, market-oriented economies, and civil societies. Prohibits the use of funds for the Corps or any grant from the Corps to finance the campaigns of candidates for public office. Sets forth: (1) requirements for the Board of Directors of the Corps and for its advisory committee; and (2) auditing requirements and congressional oversight procedures. Earmarks a specified amount of funds authorized under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 for the Corps. Title III: United States Information Agency and Department of State - Authorizes appropriations for FY 1993 for: (1) the U.S. Information Agency for expenses with respect to the independent states; and (2) the Department of State for costs of personnel and expenses for new posts in the independent states. Amends the Omnibus Diplomatic Security and Anti-Terrorism Act of 1986 to require at least 15 Fascell fellowships (for service at diplomatic or consular missions in the Soviet Union or Eastern Europe) to be provided in FY 1993. Makes funding available under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 for fellowships at missions in the independent states. Title IV: International Financial Institutions and Trade Finance - Amends the Bretton Woods Agreements Act to authorize: (1) the U.S. Governor of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to consent to an increase in the U.S. quota of the IMF and to the amendments to the Articles of Agreement of the IMF approved in resolution 45-3 of the Board of Governors; and (2) the U.S. Executive Director of the IMF to approve a pledge to sell gold to restore the resources of the Reserve Account of the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility Trust. Makes appropriations for the IMF quota increase. Expresses the sense of the Congress with respect to encouraging efforts to address economic and political problems of nations making transitions to more open political and economic systems. Directs the Secretary of the Treasury to report to the Congress on the debt incurred by the former Soviet Union held by commercial banks outside the independent states and the prospects for repayment of such debt. Supports U.S. participation in a currency stabilization fund for the independent states. Requires the Secretary to instruct the U.S. Executive Director of the IMF to urge the IMF to study the need for, and feasibility of, a currency stabilization fund for Ukraine and make recommendations with respect to the economic and policy conditions required for the success of such a fund. Expresses the sense of the Congress that the President should ensure that the International Finance Corporation provides an ambitious lending program for such states. Amends the International Finance Corporation Act to authorize the U.S. Governor of the Corporation to: (1) vote for any increase in capital stock needed to accommodate the requirements of the independent states; and (2) agree to amendments to the Corporation's Articles of Agreement to increase the votes by which the capital stock may be increased and by which the Articles of Agreement may be amended. Amends the Bretton Woods Agreements Act to direct the Secretary of the Treasury to instruct the U.S. Executive Director of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) to urge the Bank to: (1) establish or continue programs to provide technical assistance to the independent states in support of democratic reforms, human rights, the rule of law, and market-oriented reforms; and (2) coordinate its assistance with assistance provided by other donors. Amends the International Financial Institutions Act to add the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the IMF to the list of institutions through which the United States shall advance human rights. Directs the Secretary to instruct the U.S. Executive Directors of international financial institutions, in assessing human rights, to consider, in relation to assistance to Russia and the other independent states, the responsiveness of such governments to providing a substantial accounting of Americans missing in action. Requires the Export-Import Bank to report to the Congress on: (1) the demand for loans, guarantees, and insurance for trade between the United States and the independent states; and (2) recommendations for promoting trade between the United States and the independent states. Amends the Export-Import Bank Act of 1945 to remove prohibitions on export credit with respect to Czechoslovakia, Estonia, East Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Albania, Bulgaria, Poland, Yugoslavia, Romania, and the Soviet Union. Makes a provision of the Federal criminal code that prescribes penalties for financial transactions with foreign governments in default on obligations to the United States inapplicable with respect to obligations of the independent states of the former Soviet Union. Title V: Nonproliferation and Disarmament Activities - Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to authorize the President to provide assistance to promote nonproliferation and disarmament activities by supporting: (1) dismantlement and destruction of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons, their delivery systems, and conventional weapons; (2) efforts to halt the proliferation of such weapons, systems, and related technologies; (3) establishment of science and technology centers for nonmilitary purposes; and (4) the conversion of military technologies and capabilities and defense industries of the independent states into civilian activities. Authorizes the President to support one or more of such centers to provide incentives for weapons scientists and engineers of the former Soviet Union to apply their expertise to civilian projects. Waives provisions of title I that require an independent state to meet certain conditions in order to receive assistance with respect to such support. Sets forth reprogramming notification requirements and funding provisions with respect to such support. Encourages the Secretaries of Defense and Energy to participate actively in U.S. efforts to stem the proliferation of nuclear weapons. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1993 for international nonproliferation activities. Reduces amounts of funds authorized under the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1993 for procurement for the Defense Agencies. Prohibits the obligation of funds during FY 1993 for the nonproliferation program unless expenditures for that program during FY 1993 have been determined by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget to be counted against the defense category of the discretionary spending limits for FY 1993. Makes authorizations for international proliferation activities inapplicable if the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1993 enacts the same authorities and authorizes appropriations. Amends the Soviet Nuclear Threat Reduction Act of 1991 to increase the amount of funds that may be transferred from Department of Defense accounts for use in reducing the Soviet military threat. Makes such amendment inapplicable if the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1993 enacts a similar amendment. Authorizes the Director of the National Science Foundation to establish an endowed, nongovernmental, nonprofit foundation to: (1) promote and support joint research and development projects for peaceful purposes between scientists and engineers in the United States and the independent states on subjects of mutual interest; and (2) seek to establish joint nondefense industrial research, development, and demonstration activities through private sector linkages which may involve participation by scientists and engineers in the university or academic sectors. Makes funds appropriated under the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1993 (to the extent available) available for the establishment of the endowment. Requires an independent state, as a condition of participation in the foundation, to make a minimum contribution to the endowment which shall reflect its ability to make a financial contribution and its expected level of participation in the foundation's programs. Authorizes local currencies generated by U.S. assistance programs to be made available to the foundation. Title VI: Space Trade and Cooperation - Requires any request for a license or other approval described under this title that is submitted to a U.S. Government agency by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to be considered on an expedited basis by that agency. Provides for notification of designated congressional committees if an agency denies a request. Applies this title to requests for licenses or approval necessary to conduct discussions with an independent state with respect to the possible acquisition of any space hardware, space technology, or space service for integration into U.S. space projects that have been approved by the Congress. Encourages the Office of Space Commerce of the Department of Commerce to conduct trade missions to appropriate independent states to familiarize U.S. aerospace industry representatives with space hardware, technologies, and services that may be available from the independent states and with the business practices and business climate of such states. Directs the Office of Space Commerce to: (1) monitor the progress of any discussions being carried out by NASA with the independent states; and (2) advise the NASA Administrator of the impact on U.S. industry of each potential acquisition of space hardware, technology, or services from the independent states, including any anticompetitive issues the Office may observe. Title VII: Other Provisions - Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to remove Czechoslovakia, Estonia, East Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Albania, Bulgaria, Poland, Yugoslavia, Romania, and the Soviet Union from the list of Communist countries to which assistance is prohibited. Amends the Federal criminal code to remove the Soviet Union, East Germany, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Bulgaria, and Romania from a list of countries for which special restrictions apply with respect to legal commercial transactions. Amends the Food for Progress Act of 1985 to consider the independent states to be emerging democracies for purposes of eligibility for agricultural commodities furnished under such Act. Authorizes the President to enter into agreements with private entities (as well as other entities currently listed under such Act) to furnish such commodities. Waives the annual tonnage limitation under such Act with respect to commodities furnished from stocks of the Commodity Credit Corporation (Corporation) during FY 1992 and 1993 to such states. Permits the Corporation to make commodities available on credit terms to the independent states. Amends the Agricultural Development and Trade Act of 1990 to permit export credit guarantees to be available for the establishment or improvement of facilities or the provision of services or U.S. goods in emerging democracies by U.S. persons if such guarantees will promote the export of U.S. agricultural commodities. Amends the Agricultural Act of 1978 to remove conditions on export financing of, and export credit guarantees with respect to, agricultural commodities by the Corporation that require the development of the importing country as a foreign market on a long-term basis or the improvement of the capability of such country to use such commodities on a long-term basis. Makes such amendments applicable only with respect to the independent states. Authorizes the Corporation to use such financing and guarantees to assist emerging democracies that have committed to carry out policies that promote economic freedom, private domestic production of food commodities for domestic consumption, and the expansion of domestic markets for the purchase and sale of such commodities. Expresses the sense of the Congress that the President should encourage the involvement of multinational organizations to monitor the transport and distribution of food aid within the independent states. Declares that the Corporation's export credit guarantee and export enhancement programs should be administered in a manner that contributes to the achievement of the objective that the U.S. share of world trade in processed agricultural products and high-value agricultural products is not less than 15 percent. Directs the Corporation to ensure that at least 35 percent of the total amount of credit guarantees issued in connection with sales to the independent states under the export credit guarantee program (and 25 percent of the funds expended under the export enhancement program) in a fiscal year are issued (or expended) to promote the export of processed and high-value agricultural products, with the balance issued (or expended) to promote the export of bulk or raw agricultural commodities. Makes such percentage requirements inapplicable only if the percentage of the total amount of: (1) credit guarantees issued in a fiscal year to promote the export of such products to all countries is less than 25 percent; and (2) funds expended and value of commodities made available in a fiscal year to promote such exports to all countries is less than 15 percent. Requires the Secretary of Agriculture to make quarterly reports to the Congress on the costs and imputed revenues attributable to exports of commodities as well as an examination of the effects of export efforts on employment levels and opportunities in the U.S. agricultural sectors and related industries. Amends the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1990 to extend certain provisions granting refugee status or permanent residence to nationals of the independent states, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.

Title I: Freedom for Russia and Emerging Eurasian Democracies - Freedom for Russia and Emerging Eurasian Democracies and Open Markets Support Act of 1992 - Authorizes the President, with regard to activities authorized by the Support for East European Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989, to conduct similar activities in and for any of the independent states of the former Soviet Union (excluding Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) and to make funds available for such activities if the state is: (1) developing democratic institutions and policies based on internationally recognized human rights; and (2) undertaking economic reform based on private enterprise and market principles. Prohibits assistance to the government of any state which: (1) engages in a consistent pattern of human rights violations; (2) is engaged in unlawful military action against a country which is friendly to the United States; (3) has failed to take actions to facilitate the implementation of arms control obligations of the former Soviet Union; (4) has knowingly transferred to another country missiles or missile technology inconsistent with the Missile Technology Control Regime, chemical or biological weapons, or materials, equipment, or technology that would contribute to such country's ability to manufacture weapons of mass destruction; (5) is not cooperating with the U.S. Government in uncovering evidence of live or deceased prisoners of war who came under Soviet control during or after the Vietnam War, Korean War, World War II, or other American operations in or around the Soviet Union during the Cold War; (6) with respect to assistance provided six months after this Act's enactment, is supplying or selling nuclear fuel, technical advisors, or construction assistance to nuclear reactor complexes in Cuba unless the President certifies to the Congress that such state has provided assurances that it will not provide nuclear fuel rods to Cuba unless Cuba has committed to comply with proposed International Atomic Energy Agency standards, accept verification of compliance with such standards, and provide assurances that it will not act in a manner inconsistent with specified nuclear nonproliferation treaties; (7) has failed to take actions to protect the international environment; (8) denies its citizens the right to emigrate or imposes more than a nominal charge on emigration documents or on citizens who desire to emigrate; (9) is responsible for paying an equitable portion of the indebtedness incurred before December 25, 1991, by the former Soviet Union unless the President reports to specified congressional committees that such government has not adopted a policy of refusing to pay such portion; (10) has undertaken certain activities concerning nuclear transfers or detonations or the use of chemical or biological weapons for which sanctions are imposed under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 or the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993; or (11) has repeatedly provided support for international terrorism. Authorizes the President to waive such ineligibility if he certifies to the Speaker of the House and the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee that doing so would serve the objectives of this Act. Prohibits the provision of assistance or benefits to Azerbaijan until the President reports to the Congress that Azerbaijan: (1) is taking steps to cease all blockades and offensive force against Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh; (2) is respecting the human rights of Armenians and other minorities within its borders; and (3) is participating in international efforts to resolve the conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh. Authorizes appropriations. Permits funds authorized to be appropriated by this title to be used for the independent states to: (1) support the development of democratic institutions based on human rights; (2) support creation of private enterprise and free market systems; (3) provide support in addressing emergency and other humanitarian needs; (4) improve the quality and availability of health care for citizens of the independent states; (5) fund export promotion activities by the Department of Commerce in support of expanded trade and investment with U.S. businesses; (6) support the use of telecommunications technologies to deliver educational and instructional programming to the independent states; (7) enhance the environment; (8) support American schools and hospitals; (9) support development of children's educational television; (10) finance cooperative development projects; (11) support training for and preparation of American participants in assistance programs; (12) support the establishment of an intermodal transportation system; (13) improve family planning and maternal health services; and (14) promote drug education, interdiction, and eradication programs. Authorizes appropriations for establishing programs that: (1) support sister hospital expansion programs; (2) promote program development for neonatal pilot projects and training of medical professionals; and (3) promote greater institutional development. Directs the President to designate an executive branch agency to implement a limited, phased program to enhance the near-term safety of Soviet-designed nuclear power plants. Encourages the President to establish an interagency group to coordinate U.S. and multilateral funding for such program. Requires the Secretary of State to provide the Congress with recommendations for revisions to U.S. export and trade statutes to expedite implementation of the program. Authorizes the Secretary to develop a program to provide for participation by the United States in international efforts to: (1) implement short-term measures to improve nuclear power plant operational safety; (2) provide recommendations for medium-term measures to develop comprehensive and market-based programs for cost-efficient supplies of electricity; and (3) provide recommendations for long-term measures for the development of safe and cost-effective supplies of electricity. Prohibits assistance to an independent state unless the President certifies to the Congress that the proposed recipient is committed to: (1) making a substantial investment of its resources for dismantling or destroying weapons of mass destruction if obligated to do so under an agreement; (2) forgoing any military modernization program that exceeds legitimate defense requirements and forgoing the replacement of destroyed weapons of mass destruction; (3) forgoing any use in new nuclear weapons of components of destroyed nuclear weapons; and (4) facilitating U.S. verification of weapons destruction under the Conventional Forces in Europe Treaty Implementation Act of 1991. Authorizes the President to establish programs for: (1) transporting, storing, safeguarding, and destroying nuclear, chemical, and other weapons of the independent states; (2) establishing verifiable safeguards against proliferation; (3) preventing diversion of weapons-related scientific expertise of the former Soviet Union to terrorist groups or third countries; (4) facilitating the conversion of military technologies and capabilities and defense industries of the former Soviet Union into civilian activities; and (5) establishing science and technology centers in the independent states to engage weapons scientists and engineers in productive, nonmilitary undertakings. Authorizes the President to make funds under specified Acts available for such programs. Earmarks funds under this Act for establishing an official U.S. Government presence in the independent states. Amends the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993 to authorize appropriations for posts in the independent states. Authorizes additional appropriations for the U.S. Information Agency to carry out international information, educational, cultural, and exchange programs. Authorizes the establishment of programs to promote nuclear reactor safety and reduce the danger of nuclear accidents. Permits the President to utilize funds under this title to support any U.S. nonprofit corporation in assisting the independent states to produce children's educational programs aimed at promoting a democratic society. Allows the President to establish additional American Business Centers in countries being assisted under this Act and the SEED Act of 1989 where the President determines that the Centers can be cost-effective in promoting the objectives of this Act and U.S. economic interests. Authorizes appropriations. Authorizes the International Finance Corporation to vote for any increase of capital stock needed to accommodate the requirements of the independent states. Amends the International Finance Corporation Act to authorize the U.S. Governor of the International Finance Corporation to agree to amendments to the Corporation's Articles of Agreement to increase the capital stock and the vote by which the Governors may amend the Articles. Supports U.S. participation in a currency stabilization fund or currency boards for the independent states. Provides that assistance may be provided for this Act notwithstanding other laws, except specified budgetary, agriculture, and merchant marine Acts. Permits the President to use funds made available under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 for programs for the independent states. Authorizes funds appropriated by this title to be used to cover the cost of direct loans and loan guarantees with respect to the independent states. Amends the Bretton Woods Agreements Act to authorize: (1) consent to an increase in the U.S. quota of the International Monetary Fund and to the amendments to the Articles of Agreement of the Fund approved in resolution number 45-3; (2) promotion of currency boards where such boards would achieve success in promoting a stable currency and sustained economic growth; and (3) approval of the Fund's pledge to sell gold to restore the resources of the Reserve Account of the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility Trust. Bars net budget outlays as a result of such activities. Authorizes the U.S. Executive Director of the Fund to disapprove a Fund program for any independent state that has not taken steps to enact the legal and policy frameworks necessary for the private ownership of property, the conduct of private business activities, and the privatization of state-owned enterprises. Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to remove Czechoslovakia, Estonia, East Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Albania, Bulgaria, Poland, Yugoslavia, Romania, and the Soviet Union from the list of Communist countries to which assistance is prohibited. Makes a conforming amendment to the Export-Import Bank Act of 1945 to remove prohibitions on export credit with respect to such countries. Makes a provision of the Federal criminal code that prescribes penalties for financial transactions with foreign governments in default on obligations to the United States inapplicable with respect to obligations of the independent states of the former Soviet Union. Authorizes the President, with respect to the independent states, to waive the application of any law (except titles IV or V of the Trade Act of 1974) that restricted the eligibility of the Soviet Union, as in existence before December 25, 1991, regarding any program, benefit, or other treatment. Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to authorize the Overseas Private Investment Corporation to carry out its pilot equity financing program in the independent states. Amends the Food Security Act of 1985 to authorize agricultural commodities to be furnished to such states on grant or credit terms by the Commodity Credit Corporation. Waives the tonnage limitation with respect to commodities furnished to such states during FY 1992 and 1993. Directs the President to make available at least ten percent of the aggregate amounts of all commodities distributed to generate foreign currency proceeds. Sets forth authorized uses of foreign currency proceeds generated from the sale or barter of commodities by a private voluntary organization or cooperative. Amends the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 to authorize the Commodity Credit Corporation to make available direct credits to promote agricultural exports to emerging democracies. Makes available a portion of such credits and export credit guarantees for the establishment or improvement by U.S. persons of eligible projects in emerging democracies to improve the handling, marketing, processing, storage, or distribution of imported agricultural commodities. Prohibits the Corporation from: (1) providing guarantees or credit in excess of 85 percent of the value of the project of U.S. origin; and (2) financing or guaranteeing the value of any foreign component of a project. Encourages the President to make funds available to assist private voluntary organizations and cooperatives in carrying out food assistance programs for the independent states. Amends the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 to prohibit the Corporation from making export sales financing available in connection with sales of an agricultural commodity to any country that cannot adequately service the debt associated with the sale. Directs the Corporation to establish an objective that in FY 1993 through 1995 at least 35 percent of the agricultural commodities sold in connection with guarantees provided to the independent states are processed products of such commodities and high-value agricultural commodities. Provides for annual reviews of such objective. Requires the Secretary of Agriculture, if such objective is not met, to prepare a justification for why the minimum level was not achieved and what actions will be taken to increase sales of such commodities and products. Makes the independent states eligible for an agricultural fellowship program under the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990. Permits such fellowships to be provided to private agricultural producers from eligible countries. Amends the SEED Act to include within the definition of "Central and East European states" Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, and states that have been part of Yugoslavia. Authorizes the President, with regard to SEED activities to be conducted in Poland and Hungary, to conduct similar activities in other Central and East European states if such activities would promote a transition to market-oriented democracy. Authorizes appropriations to carry out the SEED Act. Amends the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1990 to extend certain provisions granting refugee status to nationals of the independent states, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Directs the Office of Barter within the Department of Commerce and the Interagency Group on Countertrade to report to the President and the Congress on the feasibility of using barter, countertrade, and other self-liquidating finance methods to facilitate the strategic diversification of U.S. oil imports through cooperation with the former Soviet Union in the development of their energy resources. Expresses the sense of the Congress that the United States should: (1) assist the independent states in developing export control systems and enforcement mechanisms capable of barring proliferation of military systems, critical technologies, and weapons of mass destruction; and (2) implement a licensing policy and coopertive arrangements through the Coordinating Committee on Multilateral Export Controls (COCOM) that will encourage expanded trade and investment and development of economic infrastructure and assist redeployment of defense capabilities to civilian uses. Directs the Secretaries of Commerce and State and the heads of other agencies to provide technical assistance in support of such policy. Expresses the sense of the Congress with respect to a military withdrawal of the Russian army from Moldova and urges a cease-fire in, an end to the economic blockade of, and a joint military monitoring committee for, Moldova. Expresses the sense of the Congress that the President should urge the Secretary of the Treasury to instruct the U.S. executive director of the International Monetary Fund to take steps to support the right of independent states to issue currencies independent of the Russian ruble. Amends the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993 to repeal provisions with respect to the Soviet embassy in Washington, D.C. Prohibits funds made available by this title from being used to pay indebtedness of the republics of the former Soviet Union to international financial institutions. Prohibits economic assistance (other than humanitarian assistance) to the Government of Russia until the President certifies to the Congress that: (1) progress toward removal of Russian or independent states' armed forces from Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania has been achieved; (2) no artillery exercise or similar training by such armed forces on the territory of such countries is being conducted without the permission of the host government; (3) the Russian or independent states' air and naval forces are not interfering with traffic in the air space or territorial waters of such countries; and (4) neither the Russian Government nor the military command of the independent states has introduced additional armed forces into such countries without the permission of the host government. Provides for the establishment of a joint international military monitoring committee to oversee the withdrawal of troops. Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to authorize the President to allocate a portion of international military education and training funds to provide education and training in economic security and development to foreign military personnel who are being separated from active duty. Directs the Secretary of State to report to the chairmen of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and the House Foreign Affairs Committee on the possible alternatives for the ultimate disposition of ex-Soviet special nuclear materials. Declares that the Secretary of Commerce should place U.S. and Foreign Commercial Service Officers in the Russian Federation cities of Vladivostok and Khabarovsk. Authorizes the President to establish a technical assistance center at an American university, in a region which receives nonstop air service to and from the Russian Far East, to facilitate U.S. business opportunities, free markets, and democratic institutions in the Russian Far East. Authorizes appropriations. Declares that the President should give priority attention to combatting the tied aid practices of the independent states, the Baltic states, and the states of Central and Eastern Europe when such practices are deemed by the Secretary of the Treasury to be in violation of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development agreement to limit tied aid. Makes funds available to combat such practices. Authorizes appropriations. Requires the President to report to the Congress on cash transfer assistance. Permits funds available for assistance under this Act to be used for procurement in the United States, the recipient countries, or a developing country or in any other country, subject to conditions of availability, emergency, or the promotion of efficiency in the use of such assistance. Authorizes the Director of the National Science Foundation to establish a foundation to: (1) support joint research and development projects for peaceful purposes between scientists and engineers in the United States and former Soviet states; and (2) establish joint nondefense industrial research, development, and demonstration activities through private sector linkages. Requires an independent state, as a condition of participation in the foundation, to make a minimum contribution to the foundation's endowment. Authorizes appropriations. Authorizes the President to establish the New Independent States Business and Agriculture Advisory Council to: (1) advise the President regarding assistance programs for the independent states; and (2) evaluate the adequacy of bilateral and multilateral assistance programs that would facilitate exports and investments by American firms in the independent states. Permits the President to use funds made available under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 for the independent states to fund capital projects and intermediary industrial goods and other consumables to promote self-sufficiency. Makes Export-Import Bank, Trade and Development Program, and Overseas Private Investment Corporation funds available for: (1) commercial and technical assistance to the independent states; and (2) support for projects undertaken by U.S. business on the basis of cooperative agreements with entities in the independent states. Declares that the Secretary of Commerce should: (1) provide technical assistance to the independent states through programs for business and commercial development; (2) expand the Foreign Commercial Service in the independent states; (3) develop a center to assist U.S. small- and medium-sized businesses in entering the commercial markets of the independent states; and (4) report annually to the Congress on programs of other industrialized nations to assist their firms with efforts to transact business in the independent states and on trading practices that disadvantage U.S. firms. Authorizes appropriations. Declares that the Trade Promotion Coordinating Committee should utilize its interagency working group on energy to assist American energy sector companies to develop a long-term strategy for penetrating the energy market in the independent states. Expresses the sense of the Congress that the independent states should address the issue of repayment of overdue commercial debt and other commercial obligations. Prohibits funds from being made available for facilitating the conversion of military technologies and capabilities and defense industries of the former Soviet Union unless the President has previously obligated an amount equal to such sums in the same fiscal year for defense conversion and transition activities in the United States. Permits funds appropriated to the Department of Defense (DOD) to assist State and local governments impacted by reductions in defense industry employment or reductions in the number of DOD military and civilian personnel residing in such communities to be made available until September 30, 1997. Directs the President to report to the Speaker of the House and the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on the feasibility of establishing a multilateral facility, composed of members of the G-7 Group, for the issuance of guarantees against losses incurred in connection with investments in the independent states. Prohibits any governmental entity of an independent state from being eligible for assistance, participating in a cooperative activity, or using funds made available under this Act if: (1) there is outstanding a final judgment by a court of competent jurisdiction within the state that such entity is withholding the property of U.S. persons unlawfully; and (2) the Secretary of State determines that execution of the court's judgment is blocked as the result of extrajudicial causes. Authorizes the Secretary to waive such prohibition if the court's judgment has been executed or it is vital to U.S. national interests. Expresses the sense of the Congress that no foreign person should be permitted to purchase or acquire the LTV Aerospace and Defense Company. Authorizes the Secretary to make contributions to the Intergovernmental Organization for Migration or other appropriate organizations for refugee and migration assistance in the independent states. Earmarks funds for such assistance. Amends the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993 to designate a specified law and business training program for students from the independent states and the Baltic States as the Edmund S. Muskie Fellowship Program. Expresses the sense of the Congress that the President should take actions to minimize disruption to the international market in the event of sales from the independent states of defense-related commercial grade uranium. Requires the Secretary of the Treasury to instruct the U.S. Executive Director of the International Monetary Fund to promote certain policy and staffing changes concerning environmental and social asessments, an independent audit department, participation of the poor, public access to information, and cost-benefit analyses. Directs the Secretary to conduct a study to propose ways that the Fund could broaden participation of representatives from the loan-recipient country in the development of Fund programs. Makes Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania eligible to purchase or receive financing for the purchase of nonlethal defense articles and to receive nonlethal excess defense articles without regard to specified conditions of the Arms Export Control Act or the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to revise conditions on procurement of goods and services outside the United States. Declares that it is U.S. policy that the agency responsible for administering such Act gives preference to the procurement of U.S. goods and services. Adds to the list of conditions under which funds may be used for procurement outside of the United States that the price of a commodity procured in bulk is at least 50 percent lower than the market price prevailing in the United States at the time of procurement. Makes procurement restrictions inapplicable with respect to procurement in connection with international disaster assistance. Establishes a waiver authority with respect to prohibitions on procurement outside of the United States. Makes a prohibition on using funds under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to finance the purchase, sale, or lease of motor vehicles not manufactured in the United States inapplicable if: (1) it is an emergency case where U.S. motor vehicles cannot meet demands when time is of the essence; or (2) the total number of vehicles to be used in a foreign country is six or fewer, or in excess of six in cases where it is determined necessary for effective administration of programs. Directs the Administrator of the agency responsible for administering development assistance under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to establish an Office of the Buy-America Advocate to maximize the participation of U.S. businesses in the development process by ensuring that the agency adheres to "Buy America" precepts in procurement activities. Amends the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 to require the Secretary of Agriculture to provide disaster assistance to orchardists that lost trees as a result of fire blight during 1990. Declares that the President should obtain a commitment from Russia to withdraw its combat troops and non-embassy military personnel from Cuba as expeditiously as possible. Authorizes the Secretary of Energy to make grants and issue loans in connection with energy projects conducted by U.S. firms in the independent states to provide energy using advanced coal-based technologies. Authorizes appropriations. Expresses the sense of the Congress with respect to the withdrawal of Russian and independent states' troops from the Baltic States. Expresses the sense of the Senate that funds should be made available for the purchase of books and materials and the development of educational programs by representatives of Junior Achievement International in the independent states. Sets forth steps that should be taken by the United States to assist in the development of a market-based private sector economy in the independent states, including the development of lending institution standards, microenterprise loans, secondary markets, and real property laws. Declares that it is the intention of the Senate to act favorably on legislation involving assistance to Israel to help it meet needs generated by the influx of immigrants from the former Soviet Union. Removes the Secretary of Transportation's authority to regulate airline computer reservation systems after September 1, 1992, if by such date either: (1) the Secretary does not promulgate final regulations governing such systems; or (2) the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration does not promulgate final regulations on the allocation and transfer of airline slots at high density traffic airports. Amends the Federal Trade Commission Act to remove an exemption for air carriers and foreign air carriers subject to the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 which limits the Federal Trade Commission's (FTC) authority to prevent unfair methods of competition in the airline industry. Directs the FTC, if the Secretary's authority to regulate airline computer reservation systems is no longer in effect, to promulgate final regulations concerning such systems no later than December 1, 1992. Requires the Commodity Credit Corporation and the Agency for International Development, when engaging in any transaction with a foreign government or private entity pursuant to this Act, to ensure that U.S. insurance companies are afforded a fair competitive opportunity to provide insurance against risk of loss in connection with any transaction for which they provide a loan, loan guarantee, insurance, reinsurance, or extension of credit. Sets forth actions to be taken in cases where such opportunity is not available to U.S. insurance companies. Title II: International Local Government Exchange Act of 1992 - International Local Government Exchange Act of 1992 - Authorizes the President to establish a program for technical assistance in local and regional self-government for the independent states. Directs the President to make grants to eligible organizations for expenses incurred in conducting: (1) assessments of the need by any independent state for fiscal, legal, and technical expertise at the local and regional level; and (2) training of local and regional government officials in democratic institution-building and public administration. Limits the availability of funds to a six-month period for any single visit. Authorizes appropriations. Title III: Freedom Exchange Act - Subtitle A: In General - Freedom Exchange Act - Sets forth purposes of this Act. Subtitle B: Educational Exchange Program - Requires the President to carry out an educational exchange program with the independent states and the Baltic States by awarding grants to eligible organizations for: (1) specified types of exchanges of secondary school, college, and graduate students; (2) paired-university visits and interchanges of professors and educators; and (3) a program of internship for nationals of such foreign states in U.S. enterprises. Authorizes appropriations. Requires such grants to be awarded on a competitive basis to private nonprofit organizations which have experience in exchange programs and demonstrate a capacity to carry out such programs in the independent states. Sets forth administrative requirements for the Educational Exchange Endowment (to be designated by the President to carry out the programs during FY 1994). Authorizes the President to establish a program of exchanges for governmental officials with the independent states and Eastern Europe. Designates such program as the Partnership for Essential Governmental Services. Authorizes the President to make available Federal civil service employees on a volunteer basis for temporary duty in such countries to assist them in the development of essential governmental services. Permits assistance to independent states which cannot meet their share of the cost of such program. Title IV: American Agribusiness Centers and Practitioners Exchange Act of 1992 - American Agribusiness Centers and Practitioners Exchange Act of 1992 - Authorizes the President to fund American Agribusiness Centers in the independent states and the Baltic States. Authorizes appropriations. Authorizes the President to establish five regional Agribusiness Centers at State universities and land grant colleges in the United States for purposes of expanding two-way exchange programs among agribusiness practitioners. Authorizes appropriations. Title V: American Centers - American Centers Act - Declares that the President should establish American Centers to promote commercial, professional, civic, and other partnerships between the United States and the independent states for: (1) establishing a liaison to facilitate exchanges between such countries; (2) providing a repository for commercial, legal, and technical information; (3) identifying existing or potential counterpart businesses or organizations that require specific technical assistance; and (4) helping to establish the legal and regulatory framework critical to the establishment of a market-oriented economy and democratic institutions. Earmarks assistance for such Centers. Prohibits cash grants from being made to any governmental agency or organization in the independent states.

Freedom for Russia and Emerging Eurasian Democracies and Open Markets Support Act of 1992 - Authorizes the President, with regard to activities authorized by the Support for East European Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989, to conduct similar activities in and for any of the independent states of the former Soviet Union (excluding Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) and to make funds available for such activities if the state is: (1) developing democratic institutions and policies based on internationally recognized human rights; and (2) undertaking economic reform based on private enterprise and market principles. Prohibits assistance to the government of any state which: (1) engages in a consistent pattern of human rights violations; (2) is engaged in unlawful military action against a country which is friendly to the United States; (3) has failed to take actions to facilitate the implementation of arms control obligations of the former Soviet Union; (4) has knowingly transferred to another country missiles or missile technology inconsistent with the Missile Technology Control Regime or materials, equipment, or technology that would contribute to such country's ability to manufacture weapons of mass destruction; or (5) has detonated a nuclear explosive device on or after this Act's enactment date and is not a nuclear weapon State Party to the Non-Proliferation Treaty of 1970. Authorizes the President to waive such ineligibility if he certifies to the Speaker of the House and the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee that doing so would serve the objectives of this Act. Prohibits the provision of assistance or benefits under this Act to Azerbaijan until the President reports to the Congress that Azerbaijan: (1) has ceased all blockades and offensive force against Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh; (2) is respecting the human rights of Armenians and other minorities within its borders; and (3) is participating in international efforts to resolve the conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh. Authorizes appropriations. Permits funds authorized to be appropriated by this Act to be used for the independent states to: (1) support the development of democratic institutions based on human rights; (2) support creation of private enterprise and free market systems; (3) provide support in addressing emergency and other humanitarian needs; (4) support expanded trade and investment with U.S. businesses; (5) support educational and cultural exchange programs and to promote educational reform; (6) enhance the environment; (7) support American schools and hospitals; (8) support development of children's educational television; and (9) finance cooperative development projects. Authorizes the President to use certain funds made available under the Arms Export Control Act for the independent states that would help: (1) promote demilitarization, conversion of industries, and the withdrawal and relocation of Soviet military forces; (2) prevent the diversion of weapons-related scientific expertise to terrorist groups or third countries; and (3) establish safeguards against the proliferation of weapons and promote efforts to eliminate the nuclear threat from the former Soviet Union. Earmarks funds under this Act for establishing an official U.S. Government presence in the independent states. Amends the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993 to authorize appropriations for posts in the independent states. Authorizes additional appropriations for the U.S. Information Agency to carry out international information, educational, cultural, and exchange programs. Authorizes the President to utilize funds under this Act to support any U.S. nonprofit corporation in assisting the independent states to produce children's educational programs aimed at promoting a democratic society. Permits the President to establish additional American Business Centers in countries being assisted under this Act and the SEED Act of 1989 where the President determines that the Centers can be cost-effective in promoting the objectives of this Act and U.S. economic interests. Authorizes the International Finance Corporation to vote for any increase of capital stock needed to accommodate the requirements of the independent states. Supports U.S. participation in a currency stabilization fund for the independent states. Provides that assistance may be provided for this Act notwithstanding other laws, except specified budgetary Acts. Permits the President to use funds made available under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 for programs for the independent states. Authorizes funds appropriated by this Act to be used to cover the cost of direct loans and loan guarantees with respect to the independent states. Amends the Bretton Woods Agreements Act to authorize: (1) consent to an increase in the U.S. quota of the International Monetary Fund and to the amendments to the Articles of Agreement of the Fund approved in resolution number 45-3; and (2) approval of the Fund's pledge to sell gold to restore the resources of the Reserve Account of the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility Trust. Authorizes the U.S. Executive Director of the Fund to disapprove a Fund program for any independent state that has not taken steps to enact the legal and policy frameworks necessary for the private ownership of property, the conduct of private business activities, and the privatization of state-owned enterprises. Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to remove Czechoslovakia, Estonia, East Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Albania, Bulgaria, Poland, Yugoslavia, Romania, and the Soviet Union from the list of Communist countries to which assistance is prohibited. Makes a conforming amendment to the Export-Import Bank Act of 1945 to remove prohibtions on export credit with respect to such countries. Makes a provision of the Federal criminal code that prescribes penalties for financial transactions with foreign governments in default on obligations to the United States inapplicable with respect to obligations of the independent states or the former Soviet Union. Authorizes the President, with respect to the independent states, to waive the application of any law (except titles IV or V of the Trade Act of 1974) that restricted the eligibility of the Soviet Union, as in existence before December 25, 1991, regarding any program, benefit, or other treatment. Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to authorize the Overseas Private Investment Corporation to carry out its pilot equity financing program in the independent states. Amends the Food Security Act of 1985 to authorize agricultural commodiies to be furnished to such states. Amends the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 to permit export credit guaranties for improving services and agricultural goods and materials in emerging democracies to improve the management of imported agricultural commodities. Makes certain ceilings of the Food Security Act of 1985 and the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 inapplicable to the independent states. Amends the SEED Act to include within the definition of "Central and East European states" Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, and states that have been part of Yugoslavia. Authorizes the President, with regard to SEED activities to be conducted in Poland and Hungary, to conduct similar activities in other Central and East European states if such activities would promote a transition to market-oriented democracy. Authorizes appropriations to carry out the SEED Act. Amends the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1990 to extend certain provisions granting refugee status or permanent residence to nationals of the independent states, Estonia, Lativa, and Lithuania.

Freedom for Russia and Emerging Eurasian Democracies and Open Markets Support Act of 1992 - Declares that the President, in providing assistance for the independent states of the former Soviet Union (independent states), should take into account the extent to which such states are taking steps toward: (1) establishment of democratic systems; (2) respect for human rights; (3) economic reform based on market principles, the development of a private sector, and integration into the world economy; (4) respect for international law and adherence to the principles of the Helsinki Final Act and the Charter of Paris; and (5) adherence to responsible security policies. Permits funds authorized to be appropriated by this Act to be available for such states (except for Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) for purposes of promoting democracy, encouraging free market systems, meeting humanitarian needs, fostering demilitarization of the economy and society and defense conversion, promoting development in agricultural and energy sectors, promoting bilateral trade and investment, and for other purposes as the President deems appropriate. Authorizes the President to promote the active involvement of the U.S. private sector in activities in the former Soviet Union. Authorizes appropriations. Permits the President to use funds made available to carry out the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 for the independent states. Authorizes authorities under the Support for East European Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989 to be utilized to take actions with respect to such states. Authorizes the use of funds made available under specified Acts to carry out demilitarization and conversion of industries in such states, to prevent diversion of scientific expertise to terrorist groups or third countries, and to implement specified safeguards regarding nuclear weapons. Amends the Bretton Woods Agreements Act to endorse consent to: (1) an increase in the U.S. quota of the International Monetary Fund and to the amendments to the Articles of Agreement of the Fund approved in resolution number 45-3; and (2) a pledge to sell gold to restore the resources of the Reserve Account of the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility Trust. Supports U.S. participation in a currency stabilization fund for the independent states. Expresses the sense of the Congress that the President should ensure that the International Finance Corporation provides an ambitious lending program for such states. Endorses any increase of capital stock in the Corporation needed to accommodate the requirements of such states. Expresses the sense of the Congress that: (1) efforts to reduce the number of items the export of which is restricted under Coordinating Committee on Multilateral Export Controls (COCOM) procedures should be continued to facilitate trade and investment between the United States and such states; and (2) the President should initiate negotiations for the establishment of a center in Ukraine for purposes of promoting science and technology projects for nonmilitary purposes. Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to remove Czechoslovakia, Estonia, East Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Albania, Bulgaria, Poland, Yugoslavia, Romania, and the Soviet Union from the list of Communist countries to which assistance is prohibited. Makes a conforming amendment to the Export-Import Bank Act of 1945 to remove prohibitions on export credit with respect to such countries. Amends the Federal criminal code to remove the Soviet Union, East Germany, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Bulgaria, and Romania from a list of countries for which special restrictions apply with respect to legal commercial transactions. Authorizes the President to waive the application of any provision of law to the independent states that would have restricted the Soviet Union's eligibility for certain programs or benefits. Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to authorize the Overseas Private Investment Corporation to carry out its pilot equity financing program in the independent states. Amends the Food Security Act of 1985 to authorize agricultural commodities to be furnished to such states. Amends the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 to permit export credit guaranties for improving services and agricultural goods and materials in emerging democracies to improve the management of imported agricultural commodities. Makes certain ceilings of the Food Security Act of 1985 and the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 inapplicable to the independent states. Authorizes the President to exempt any of such states from statutory or regulatory restrictions on the importation of goods and services into the United States to the extent that such restrictions are more stringent than restrictions applicable to like goods and services of other friendly countries. Expresses the sense of the Congress that the President should utilize international military education and training funds to provide education and training designed to foster greater respect for and understanding of the principle of civilian control of the military in the independent states.